Malformación de Arnold-Chiari tipo I con siringomielia

Introducción: Las malformaciones de Arnold-Chiari, son un grupo heterogéneo de desórdenes neurológicos caracterizados por alteraciones dentro de las regiones del cerebelo, tallo cerebral y unión cráneo-cervical; todas resultan en un desplazamiento inferior del cerebelo hacia el canal espinal por el foramen magno, sea en conjunto con la médula inferior o no. Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos clínicos, estudios complementarios, criterios diagnósticos, conducta terapéutica y evolución, en un caso con malformación de Chiari tipo I con siringomielia. Presentación de caso: Se presenta a una paciente con cefalea de curso insidioso a la que se le diagnostica malformación de Chiari tipo I con siringomielia, que requirió tratamiento neuroquirúrgico. La evolución posoperatoria fue favorable. Conclusiones: La malformación de Arnold-Chiari es una entidad rara; la aparición de la resonancia magnética nuclear ha permitido que su diagnóstico aumente y por tanto, su incidencia. El caso presentado tuvo un curso clínico clásico.

Introduction: Arnold-Chiari malformations are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by alterations within the regions of the cerebellum, brain stem and craniocervical junction; all result in inferior displacement of the cerebellum into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum, whether in conjunction with the inferior cord or not. Objective: To describe the clinical findings, complementary studies, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approach and evolution, in a case with type I Chiari malformation with syringomyelia. Case report: A patient with an insidious course of headache is reported. She was diagnosed with type I Chiari malformation with syringomyelia, which required neurosurgical treatment. The postoperative evolution was favorable. Conclusions: Conclusions: Arnold-Chiari malformation is a rare entity. the appearance of nuclear magnetic resonance has allowed it to be diagnosed and therefore its incidence has increased. The reported case had a classic clinical course.

Research progress on metabonomic studies in periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Metabolomics reflects the endogenous metabolite changes in organisms through qualitative and quantitative detection of small molecules in biological samples, revealing the metabolic changes during disease development. Metabolomic studies of periodontitis further elucidate the etiology, diagnosis and predictive markers of periodontitis at the levels of metabolites and metabolic pathways. In this paper, the concept and research methods of metabonomics were summarized, and the current status of the metabonomics of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in the study of periodontitis was reviewed. Previous studies have shown that metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and amino acids and metabolic pathways such as glutamic acid and pyrimidine metabolism might promote the occurrence of periodontitis, and it was suggested that lactic acid, γ-amino-butyrate, butyric acid and lysophosphatidic acid might be potential diagnostic markers of periodontitis. The metabolomics study of periodontitis still faces challenges such as high heterogeneity of results and fluctuation of metabolites. In the future, its study could be optimized through multicenter prospective studies to provide fresh approaches for the etiology and diagnosis of periodontitis.

Expression, purification and micelle reconstruction of the transmembrane domain of the human amyloid precursor protein for NMR studies / 生物工程学报

The multiple-step cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), highly toxic molecules causing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nonspecific cleavage between the transmembrane region of APP (APPTM) and γ-secretase is the key step of Aβ generation. Reconstituting APPTM under physiologically-relevant conditions is crucial to investigate how it interacts with γ-secretase and for future AD drug discovery. Although producing recombinant APPTM was reported before, the large scale purification was hindered by the use of biological protease in the presence of membrane protein. Here, we expressed recombinant APPTM in Escherichia coli using the pMM-LR6 vector and recovered the fusion protein from inclusion bodies. By combining Ni-NTA chromatography, cyanogen bromide cleavage, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), isotopically-labeled APPTM was obtained in high yield and high purity. The reconstitution of APPTM into dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelle generated mono dispersed 2D 15N-1H HSQC spectra in high quality. We successfully established an efficient and reliable method for the expression, purification and reconstruction of APPTM, which may facilitate future investigation of APPTM and its complex in more native like membrane mimetics such as bicelle and nanodiscs.

Structural Analysis and Characterization of 4-F-α-PVP Analog 4-F-3-Methyl-α- PVP Hydrochloride / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To identify 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) pentan-1-one (4-F-α-PVP) analog 1-(4-fluoro-3-methyl phenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) pentan-1-one (4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP) hydrochloride without reference substance.@*METHODS@#The direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry (EI-MS), GC-MS, electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ion chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were integrated utilized to achieve the structural analysis and characterization of the unknown compound in the sample, and the cleavage mechanism of the fragment ions was deduced by EI-MS and UPLC-HRMS/MS.@*RESULTS@#By analyzing the direct-injection EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS and UPLC-HRMS/MS of the compound in the samples, it was concluded that the unknown compound was a structural analog of 4-F-α-PVP, possibly with one more methyl group in the benzene ring. According to the analysis results of 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, it was further proved that the methyl group is located at the 3-position of the benzene ring. Since the actual number of hydrogen in 1H-NMR analysis was one more than 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP neutral molecule, it was inferred that the compound existed in the form of salt. Ion chromatography analysis results showed that the compound contained chlorine anion (content 11.14%-11.16%), with the structural analysis of main functional group information by FTIR, the unknown compound was finally determined to be 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A comprehensive method using EI-MS, GC-MS, ESI-HRMS, UPLC-HRMS/MS, NMR, ion chromatography and FTIR to identify 4-F-3-Methyl-α-PVP hydrochloride in samples is established, which will be helpful for the forensic science laboratory to identify this compound or other analog compounds.

Research progress on head imaging features of carbon monoxide poisoning and delayed encephalopathy / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning and its delayed encephalopathy have obvious damage to the central nervous system. There are different neuroimaging changes in different stages of the disease, and they are relatively specific. This article reviews the clinical research progress on the imaging changes of carbon monoxide poisoning and delayed encephalopathy, including computed tomography (CT) , conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) , diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) , diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) , magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and other imaging changes reflecting the function and metabolic state of the brain tissue.

Identification of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum and Its Counterfeits by 1H-NMR Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish the identification method of Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum（DOL） and its counterfeits by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum（1H-NMR） combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Method1H-NMR spectra of DOL and its counterfeits were obtained by NMR， and the full composition information was established and transformed into a data matrix， and the detection conditions were as follows：taking dimethyl sulfoxide-d6（DMSO-d6） containing 0.03% tetramethylsilane（TMS） as the solvent， the constant temperature at 298 K（1 K=-272.15 ℃）， pulse interval of 1.00 s， spectrum width of 12 019.23 Hz， the scanning number of 16 times， and the sampling time of 1.08 s. Similarity examination and hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） were performed on the data matrix of DOL and its counterfeits， and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） was used to analyze the data matrix and identify the differential components between them. In the established OPLS-DA category variable value model， the category variable value of DOL was set as 1， and the category variable value of the counterfeits was set as 0， and the threshold was set as ±0.3， in order to identify the commercially available DOL. The OPLS-DA score plot was used to determine the types of counterfeits in commercially available DOL， and it was verified by thin layer chromatography（TLC）. ResultThe results of similarity analysis and HCA showed that there was a significant difference between DOL and its counterfeits. OPLS-DA found that the differential component between DOL and its counterfeits was trans-nerolidol. The established category variable value model could successfully identify the authenticity of the commercially available DOL. The results of the OPLS-DA score plot showed that there were heartwood of Dalbergia pinnata and D. cochinchinensis in the commercially available DOL， and were consistent with the TLC verification results. ConclusionThere is a phenomenon that heartwood of D. pinnata and D. cochinchinensis are sold as DOL in the market. 1H-NMR combined with multivariate statistical analysis can effectively distinguish DOL and its counterfeits， which can provide a reference for the identification of them.

Analysis of Safe Storage Moisture Content of Mume Flos Decoction Pieces Based on Theory of Water Activity and Water Molecular Mobility / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe hygroscopic properties of Mume Flos decoction pieces were studied from the perspectives of macroscopic［water activity（Aw）］ and microscopic（water molecular mobility）， which provided a theoretical basis for the determination of the safe storage moisture content. MethodAdsorption isotherm of Mume Flos decoction pieces was obtained by static weighing method， and seven common hygroscopic models were fitted and estimated. The best model was selected according to the principle that determination coefficient（R2） was closer to 1， residual sum of squares（RSS） was closer to 0 and Akaike information criterion（AIC） was smaller. According to the optimal model， the absolute and relative safe moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces at 25， 35， 45 ℃ was calculated. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） was used to measure the water molecular mobility in the hygroscopic process of Mume Flos decoction pieces. ResultThe best model to describe the adsorption isotherm of Mume Flos decoction pieces was the Peleg model. According to the model expression， the absolute safe moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces at 25， 35， 45 ℃ were 9.59%， 7.96% and 7.68%， and the relative safe moisture contents were 13.05%， 11.99%， 11.77%， respectively. Mume Flos decoction pieces all contained two water states during the process of hygroscopic absorption at different temperatures， namely bound water T21 and free water T22. During the process of hygroscopic absorption， bound water had the largest increase in peak area. The sum of peak areas of the bound water and free water had a good linear relationship with the moisture contents， and the R2 were 0.959 9， 0.911 8 and 0.974 7 at 25， 35， 45 ℃， respectively. When Aw<0.57， T21 did not change， and the water molecular mobility remained unchanged. When Aw>0.57， T21 showed an increasing trend， and the water molecular mobility increased. The moisture contents of Mume Flos decoction pieces were 8.44%， 6.81% and 6.25% when the water molecular mobility increased at 25， 35， 45 ℃， respectively. ConclusionCombined with the theory of water activity and water molecular mobility， 6.25% is recommended as the safe storage moisture content of Mume Flos decoction pieces， this study can provide reference for determining the safe storage moisture content of other decoction pieces.

Epitope identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies based on ELISA and NMR methods / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To develop an indirect ELISA-based peptide scanning method combined with nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique for the epitope identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)antibodies.Methods The antigen binding activities of two antibodies(new CGRP antibody and control antibody)were determined by indirect ELISA using each truncated CGRP fragment as coating antigen,and the linear epitope was analyzed according to the EC50value of four-parameter curve. Two-dimensional hydrogen-nitrogen correlation(2D1H-15N HSQC)spectrum of CGRP were acquired by NMR technique,and the binding of antibodies to the arginine of CGRP were analyzed through the disturbance of the antibodies to CGRP signals. Specific arginine modifications were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrum(LCMS) and NMR technique,and two arginine resonances were assigned on CGRP by correlating the rank order of the modification rate.ResultsThe antigen binding activities of two antibodies with CGRP(1-37),CGRP(19-37)and CGRP(25-37)showed dose-response relationships,and were fitted with four-parameter equation. However,there were no significant antigen binding with CGRP(1-18),CGRP(19-24)and CGRP(25-37)without C-terminal amide. The linear epitopes of both antibodies were located at the C-terminal of CGRP. The resonances of arginine ε-NH in 2D1H-15N HSQC spectrum disappeared in the presence of the control antibody;and the resonances appeared in the presence of the new antibody. The arginine R11 and R18 of CGRP could bind to the control antibody,but not to the new antibody. The NMR assignment for the arginine resonances were made by correlating the relative ranking of the modification rate where signals A and B arose from R11 ε-NH and R18 ε-NH respectively.ConclusionIn this study,the linear and conformational epitopes of new CGRP antibody and control antibody were identified based on the methods of ELISA and NMR,which may provide a theoretical basis for the design of the candidate therapeutic CGRP antibodies.

Application and development of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance technology / 药学学报

Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) technology has significant advantages in quantification due to its simple sample processing and high reproducibility. Two-dimensional qNMR analysis, which can solve the quantification problem of different components in complex systems, has gradually been applied in medicine, food, metabonomics, chemical engineering, and other fields. This paper reviews the analysis methods, influencing factors, experimental optimization, application fields, and other aspects of qNMR to promote its wide and effective application.

Determination of deuterium incorporation of new drug donafenib tosilate by two methods of LC-MS with natural isotope abundance correction and 1H NMR relative quantitative method / 药学学报

An LC-MS method with natural isotope abundance correction and a 1H NMR relative quantitative method were established to determine the deuterium incorporation of donafenib tosilate, a new deuterated drug molecule. First, the peak areas of isotopic impurities (non-deuterated and incompletely deuterated impurities) and deuterated drug were recorded through the single ion monitoring (SIM) mode of the established LC-MS method and then corrected in terms of the natural isotope abundance offered by ChemDraw soft, removing the nature isotope interference from 13C, 37Cl, etc. The corrected areas were subsequently used to calculate mol% of isotopologues (D0, D1, D2, D3) and Atom% D, namely, deuterium incorporation. In addition, a 1H qNMR experiment was conducted with the aromatic proton at δ 8.63 and the residual proton of isotopic impurities at δ 2.79 as quantitative peaks. The mixture of DMSO-d6 and D2O (10∶1) was employed as the solvent to change the spin-coupling between the residual proton and active hydrogen so that the residual proton could be measured as the single peak, and the sensitivity was greatly improved. The acquisition parameters were also optimized, and Atom% 1H and the deuterium incorporation were then calculated. The two methods were applied to samples of three commercial batches, and the testing results were almost consistent. Both methods proved accurate, sensitive, fast and independent of standard substances and accurate weighing, which could be applied to the determination of the deuterium incorporation of donafenib tosilate and provide a reference for other deuterated drugs.

Progress on the new techniques and application of clinical lipid measurements / 中华检验医学杂志

New techniques in clinical lipid measurements, such as vertical auto profile, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electrospray differential mobility analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, are becoming increasingly mature. Clinical application of these new techniques significantly promoted the use of new lipid parameters including the particle concentrations of low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein and other lipoprotein subtype in the risk stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and in the efficacy monitoring of lipid-regulating therapy, above progress is helpful on developing new individualized and precise lipid management strategies. This review analyzed and summarized the research progress of the new techniques for lipid measurements in recent years, aiming to provide evidence to develop new ideas for the individualized and accurate lipid management in clinical practice.

Application prospect of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in clinical laboratory examination / 中华检验医学杂志

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS) is a branch of spectroscopy, which can be used to determine the number, type and relative position of components in the mixture. Due to its high throughput, high sensitivity and high stability, especially its "fingerprint", non-destructive and non-biased detection of metabolites, NMRS has become one of the most commonly used analytical and detection techniques in metabolomics. Based on the research of clinical laboratory application, this review briefly expounds the technical principle of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, introduces the development and latest research results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biomedical application fields such as blood lipid analysis, tumor detection, prediction of mental and nervous system diseases, infectious diseases, nutrition and health management, and discusses the development prospect of clinical translational medicine.

Muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia. Revisión sobre la implicación del tallo encefálico / Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Review about the brainstem involvement

RESUMEN La muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia, se define como la muerte repentina -presenciada o no- de personas con epilepsia, no traumática ni por ahogamiento, con o sin evidencias de crisis, y en quienes el examen postmorten no revela una causa estructural o toxicológica de muerte. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las evidencias más recientes, publicadas en la literatura, sobre la participación crucial del tallo encefálico en la fisiopatología de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos computarizada PubMed. Los estudios en modelos animales han demostrado que los mecanismos de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia involucran un primer evento mediado por una crisis, seguido por la despolarización cortical, que se propaga al tallo encefálico y que resulta en una disfunción autonómica causante de apnea central, edema pulmonar o arritmia cardiaca. Los estudios en humanos se han apoyado en las imágenes de resonancia magnética para evaluar el papel de diferentes áreas del tallo encefálico en la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia. Las evidencias acumuladas por la literatura, tanto en estudios con animales como humanos, evidencian el papel fundamental desempeñado por las estructuras del tallo encefálico en la fisiopatología de la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia.

ABSTRACT Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is defined as the sudden death-whether witnessed or not-of people with epilepsy, not traumatic or due to drowning, with or without evidence of seizures, and in whom postmortem examination does not reveal a structural or toxicological cause of death. The aim of this review is to describe the most recent evidence published in the literature, on the crucial involvement of the brain stem in the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed computerized database. Studies in animal models have shown that the mechanisms of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy involve a first seizure-mediated event, followed by cortical depolarization, which spreads to the brainstem and results in autonomic dysfunction causing central apnea, pulmonary edema or cardiac arrhythmia. Studies in humans have relied on magnetic resonance imaging to assess the role of the brainstem in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. The evidence accumulated in the literature, both in animal and in human studies, shows the role played by brainstem structures in the pathophysiology of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

Evaluation of three different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions Using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance - An in vitro study

Aim: Demineralization can be arrested or reversed when remineralization agents are applied to incipient carious or noncavitated carious lesions. A large number of therapeutic agents, including nonfluoridated products, have been developed to promote enamel remineralization. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel lesions. Materials and Methods: The present in vitro study was conducted on 75 sound premolars divided into three groups of normal, demineralized (n = 15 each), and remineralized teeth (n = 45). The remineralized teeth were further subdivided into three groups (n = 15) as remineralized with 2% sodium fluoride (NaF), 2% NaF, and Psoralea corylifolia (bakuchi) and white mineral trioxide aggregate. Specimens of each group were treated with the above-mentioned remineralizing agents and then subjected to Vickers hardness number (VHN), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) for further evaluation. Results: The test results showed significantly the highest VHN and the emission peak of elements under the EDX test, such as calcium, phosphorous, oxygen, and fluorine with remineralized with NaF + bakuchi. MAS-NMR spectra showed fluorine and phosphorous peak in a group with NaF + bakuchi indicative of the increase in remineralization. NaF + bakuchi showed effective results in VHN, SEM-EDX, and MAS-NMR with no antagonist interaction. Conclusion: Thus, P. Corylifolia presents an advantage in enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization for early carious lesions and can be used as a herbal extract for effective reduction in pathogenic bacteria.

Resonancia magnética nuclear funcional en estado de reposo en pacientes con trastorno bipolar: más allá de la eutimia / Resting-state functional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in patients with bipolar disorder: beyond euthymia

Resumen Introducción: La resonancia magnética funcional en estado de reposo (RMf-ER) permite identificar redes de conectividad funcional completas y los posibles correlatos neuronales de trastornos psiquiátricos. Se revisa la literatura sobre RMf-ER y trastorno bipolar (TB) haciendo énfasis en los hallazgos en las fases de manía, hipomanía y depresión. Métodos: Es una revisión narrativa de la literatura en la que se buscaron artículos en PubMed y EMBASE con las palabras clave en inglés "bipolar disorder" AND "resting state", sin límite en la fecha de publicación. Resultados: Los estudios de pacientes con TB en fases de manía e hipomanía sometidos a RMf-ER muestran resultados concordantes en cuanto a la disminución de la conectividad funcional cerebral entre la amígdala y algunas regiones corticales, lo cual indica que esta conexión funcional tendría alguna implicación en la regulación normal del afecto. Los pacientes en fase depresiva muestran disminución en la conectividad funcional cerebral, pero como son varias las estructuras anatómicas implicadas y las redes neuronales reportadas en los estudios, no es posible compararlos. Conclusiones: Hay disminución en la conectividad funcional en los pacientes con TB, pero la evidencia actual no permite establecer cambios específicos en redes de conectividad funcional cerebral puntuales. Sin embargo, ya hay algunos hallazgos que muestran correlación con la clínica de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: imaging in the resting state (R-fMRI) Functional nuclear magnetic allows the identification of complete functional connectivity networks and the possible resonance neuronal correlations of psychiatric disorders. The literature on R-fMRI and bipolar disorder (BD) will be reviewed, emphasising the findings in the phases of mania, hypomania and depression. Methods: It is a narrative review of the literature in which articles were searched in PubMed and Embase, with the key words in English "bipolar disorder" AND "resting state", without limit on the date of publication. Results: The studies of BD patients in the mania and hypomania phases who underwent R-fMRI show concordant results in terms of decreased functional cerebral connectivity between the amygdala and some cortical regions, which indicates that this functional connection would have some implication in the normal affect regulation. Patients in the depressive phase show a decrease in functional brain connectivity, but as there are seve-ral anatomical structures involved and neural networks reported in the studies, it is not possible to compare them. Conclusions: There is a decrease in functional connectivity in patients with BD, but current evidence does not allow establishing specific changes in specific functional brain connectivity networks. However, there are already some findings that show correlation with the patients' symptoms.

Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Eutylone / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a method to identify unknown sample based on the combined use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) technique.@*METHODS@#The unknown sample was directly analyzed by FTIR. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and the supernatant was detected by GC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS. The unknown sample was dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H-NMR.@*RESULTS@#The characteristic absorption peaks of FTIR spectra obtained from unknown sample were 1 682 (C=O bond), 1 503, 1 488, 1 436, 1 363, 1 256, 1 092, 1 035, 935, 840 and 800 cm-1, the characteristic fragment ions (m/z) of GC-QTOF-MS were 86.096 4 (base peak), 58.065 1, 149.023 5, 121.028 6 and 65.038 6, the accurate mass [M+H]+ detected by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS was 236.127 7. The sample was identified as synthetic cathinone new psychoactive substance Eutylone by 1H-NMR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method established in this study can be used for structural confirmation of Eutylone.

Metabolomic Profile in Patients with Malignant Disturbances of the Prostate: An Experimental Approach / Perfil metabolómico en pacientes con alteraciones malignas de la próstata: Un enfoque experimental

Purpose To identify metabolites in humans that can be associated with the presence of malignant disturbances of the prostate. Methods In the present study, we selected male patients aged between 46 and 82 years who were considered at risk of prostate cancer due to elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or abnormal results on the digital rectal examination. All selected patients came from two university hospitals (Hospital Universitario del Valle and Clínica Rafael Uribe Uribe) and were divided into 2 groups: cancer (12 patients) and non-cancer (20 patients). Cancer was confirmed by histology, and none of the patients underwent any previous treatment. Standard protocols were applied to all the collected blood samples. The resulting plasma samples were kept at -80°C, and a profile of each one was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using established experiments. Multivariate analyses were applied to this dataset, first to establish the quality of the data and identify outliers, and then, to model the data. Results We included 12 patients with cancer and 20 without it. Two patients were excluded due to contamination with ethanol. The remaining ones were used to build an Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model (including 15 non-cancer and 10 cancer patients), with acceptable discrimination (Q2 = 0.33). This model highlighted the role of lactate and lipids, with a positive association of these two metabolites and prostate cancer. Conclusions The primary discriminative metabolites between patients with and without prostate cancer were lactate and lipids. These might be the most reliable biomarkers to trace the development of cancer in the prostate.

Objetivo Identificar metabolitos en humanos que pueden estar asociados con la presencia de alteraciones malignas de la próstata. Métodos Se incluyeron muestras de pacientes masculinos entre 46 y 82 años y que se consideraron en riesgo de cáncer de próstata debido a la elevación del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) o el examen rectal anormal. Todos los pacientes seleccionados procedían de dos hospitales universitarios (Hospital Universitario del Valle y Clínica Rafael Uribe Uribe) y se dividieron en dos grupos: Oncológicos (12) vs no oncológicos (20). El cáncer fue confirmado por histología, y ninguno de ellos recibió tratamiento previo. Se aplicaron protocolos estándar a todas las muestras de sangre recolectadas. Las muestras de plasma resultantes se mantuvieron a −80°C y se adquirió un perfil de cada muestra mediante RMN. Se aplicaron análisis multivariantes a este conjunto de datos, primero para establecer la calidad de los datos e identificar valores atípicos, y para modelar los datos. Resultados Se incluyeron 12 pacientes con cáncer y 20 pacientes sin cáncer. Dos pacientes fueron excluidos por contaminación con etanol. Los restantes se utilizaron para construir un modelo OPLS-DA (15 pacientes no oncológicos y diez oncológicos), con una discriminación aceptable (Q2 = 0,33). Este modelo destacó el papel del lactato y los lípidos, encontrando una asociación positiva entre estos dos metabolitos y el cáncer de próstata. Conclusiones Los principales metabolitos discriminativos entre pacientes con cáncer de próstata versus no cáncer fueron el lactato y los lípidos. Estos podrían ser los biomarcadores más confiables para rastrear el desarrollo del cáncer en la próstata.

Application progress of metabolomic analysis based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in tumor diagnosis and treatment / 中华检验医学杂志

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is one of the main analytical techniques for detecting metabolomics, which has the advantages of simple operation, rapid detection and non-invasive feature. By monitoring the changes of metabolites in the body, it is helpful to deeply understand the mechanism of disease and play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but its clinical application has not yet been popularized. In recent years, the application of metabolomics in tumors has increasingly become a research hotspot. Therefore, in order to provide a reference for the research and clinical application of tumor metabolomics, the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and tumor metabolomics were introduced in this paper, and the application progress of metabolomics analysis based on this technique in early tumor screening, clinical diagnosis and prognosis evaluation were reviewed in this paper.

Reason of postprandial low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction measured by enzymatic assays: based on nuclear magnetic resonance method / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the postprandial plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) changes by various detection methods.Methods:A total of 85 subjects admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from November 2017 to May 2019 were included. Serum samples were collected from fasting and the 2 nd hour and the 4 th hour after breakfast. Serum lipid levels were measured with enzymatic assays and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS), and proprotein invertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The differences of blood lipid components at different time points were compared by Friedman two-way rank analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed rank test, and the correlation between PCSK9 level and lipoprotein particles was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results:Measured by enzymatic assays, compared with the fasting state, LDL-C decreased at the 2 nd hour and the 4 th hour after the meal (2.58[2.09, 3.12], 2.47[1.92, 3.02], 2.37[1.82, 2.80] mmol/L, P<0.001). Measured by NMRS, the concentration of LDL particles (1 086[830, 1 239], 1 083[848, 1 213], 1 061[814, 1 213] nmol/L, P=0.417) did not change significantly, and cholesterol in LDL particles were 2.13 (1.56, 2.54), 2.16 (1.68, 2.50), 2.06 (1.58, 2.50) mmol/L, respectively ( P=0.047)，and postprandial cholesterol in LDL particles in the 2 nd hour and in the 4 th hour did not change significantly compared with fasting ( P>0.05). while the concentration of large LDL particles (185.2[150.6,221.6], 173.0[144.8,220.3], 178.1[144.0,233.6] nmol/L, P=0.001), and the cholesterol level in large LDL particles (0.49[0.39, 0.57], 0.47[0.38, 0.57], 0.46[0.37, 0.58]mmol/L, P<0.001) decreased after the meal. The PCSK9 level also decreased significantly after the meal (299[233, 397], 257[208, 342], 251[215, 340] ng/ml, P<0.001). There was an independent positive correlation between the decrease of PCSK9 levels and the increase of remnant cholesterol detected by MNRS after the meal ( r=0.232, P=0.035). Conclusions:The postprandial LDL-C level measured by NMRS and enzymatic assays is not consistent. The decrease of LDL-C measured by enzymatic assays is not caused by the clearance of LDL particles, but by the redistribution of cholesterol in each LDL subfraction.